Common HVAC Problems and How to Troubleshoot Them

As homeowners, we rely on our HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems to keep our homes comfortable year-round. However, like any complex system, HVAC units can experience issues from time to time. Understanding the common problems that may arise and knowing how to troubleshoot them can save you from unnecessary expenses and ensure optimal performance. In this blog, we will explore some of the most frequent HVAC problems and provide practical troubleshooting tips to help you get your system back up and running smoothly.

HVAC System Not Turning On

No one wants to come home to a hot house in the summer or come downstairs to a cold home in the middle of winter. Some experience this issue when adjusting for the change of season while it happens to others out of nowhere. If your HVAC system is failing to turn on, there are often two main culprits to troubleshoot. 

• Check the Power. Ensure that the HVAC unit is receiving power. Check the circuit breaker to see if any breakers have tripped. If so, reset the breaker. Also, make sure the HVAC system switch or disconnect switch is turned on.
• Check the Thermostat. Verify that the thermostat is functioning correctly. Start by checking the batteries and ensure that the thermostat is fully functional. If the thermostat seems to be working but the batteries are old, try replacing them anyways. Make sure it is set to the correct mode and temperature that would allow it to turn on. If your thermostat has a reset you can try resetting the thermostat to see if it resolves the issue.

Short Cycling (Turns on and off frequently)

When an HVAC system turns on but turns off shortly after without bringing the environment to the proper temperature, it’s called short cycling. This is frustrating as it can appear that your HVAC system is working at first, but in time it’s evident that the HVAC system is not allowing sufficient time for adequate heating or cooling. When this happens, there are a few things you can do. 

• Replace Dirty Air Filters. Clogged air filters can restrict airflow, leading to overheating or freezing of the system. If your filter is dirty, clean (if it is permanent) or replace it. Even if the filter does not appear dirty, but it’s been several months since it’s been cleaned or replaced, go ahead and do so. 
• Check Thermostat Placement. Ensure that the thermostat is not placed near sources of heat or cold drafts. This can cause your thermostat to register incorrect temperatures causing short cycling. You can test this by removing the source of heat or cold air and covering the thermostat while you run your HVAC system. If it runs normally then the placement could be the issue. Be sure to uncover the thermostat after testing to avoid further issues.

Insufficient Cooling or Heating

One of the most common complaints homeowners have is their HVAC system's inability to adequately cool or heat their homes and living space. The HVAC system seems to be running normally, but it’s not getting the home to a comfortable temperature. Insufficient heating and cooling often has many of the same issues as short cycling. 

• Clean or Replace Clogged Air Filters. As mentioned before, dirty air filters restrict airflow. When this doesn’t cause short cycling it will reduce the system's efficiency or ability to property heat/cool. Regularly check and replace filters as needed.
• Check the Thermostat Settings. Ensure your thermostat is set to the appropriate temperature and mode (cooling or heating). Check the batteries and thermostat placement as well. 
• If using propane - Check Propane levels. When using a limited source for heating like propane, homeowners need to check to ensure they are maintaining an appropriate level or their heating will eventually cease to function.  

Uneven Temperature Distribution

Occasionally, homeowners with functioning HVAC systems will notice significant temperature differences from room to room. Sometimes it’s a bedroom, others times it’s a living area, other times it’s a room that has been added on. When this occurs, it often means  your HVAC system may be facing a distribution problem. Here are some potential fixes.

Check for Blocked or closed Vents. Make sure all supply and return vents are free from obstructions, such as furniture, rugs, or curtains and set in the open position.  Blocked vents can impede airflow, leading to uneven temperatures. 

Check for Zoning System Malfunction. If you have a zoned HVAC system, check if the dampers are functioning correctly. Misaligned or faulty dampers can disrupt proper air distribution.

Check for drafts and open windows. An abnormally hot or cold room could mean that the HVAC unit is performing well, but all the air is being pulled out of the room. Check for drafts in your windows and doors and seal up any drafty areas.  

When to call an HVAC expert

While HVAC problems can be frustrating, many issues can be resolved through basic troubleshooting. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning or replacing air filters, and ensuring proper thermostat settings, can go a long way in preventing common problems. However, if you encounter more complex or persistent issues, it's best to seek professional assistance. 

If your HVAC system is making noises, there appears to be broken components or you notice fluids leaking, then it’s best to leave things to an HVAC professional. Attempting to fix complex issues without proper training can result in further damage to your HVAC system. 

Troubleshooting common issues is a great way to save time and money on HVAC services. However, when major issues arise or you are uncomfortable troubleshooting, then it’s best to call a professional.